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Shinzo Abe (安倍 晋三, Abe Shinzō, pronounced [abe ɕindzoː]; 21 September 1954 – 8 July 2022) was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) from 2006 to 2007 and from 2012 to 2020. He was the longest-serving prime minister in Japanese history. Abe also served as Chief Cabinet Secretary from 2005 to 2006 under Junichiro Koizumi and was briefly opposition leader in 2012. Abe was born into a prominent political family in Tokyo and was the grandson of Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi. After graduating from Seikei University and briefly attending the University of Southern California, Abe was elected to the House of Representatives in the 1993 election. In 2005, Abe was appointed Chief Cabinet Secretary by Koizumi and replaced him as prime minister and LDP president the following year. He was confirmed as prime minister by a special session of the National Diet, becoming Japan's youngest post-war prime minister and the first born after World War II. Abe resigned as prime minister after one year due to medical complications from ulcerative colitis, shortly after his party's loss in the 2007 House of Councillors election. After recovering, Abe staged an unexpected political comeback by defeating Shigeru Ishiba, the former defense minister, to become LDP president in 2012. Following the LDP's landslide victory in the that year's general election, Abe became the first former prime minister to return to the office since Shigeru Yoshida in 1948. He led the LDP to further victories in the 2014 and 2017 elections, becoming Japan's longest-serving prime minister. In 2020, Abe resigned as prime minister, citing a relapse of his colitis, and was succeeded by Yoshihide Suga. Abe was a staunch conservative whom political commentators had described as a right-wing Japanese nationalist. Associated with the Nippon Kaigi, he held negationist views on Japanese history, including denying the role of government coercion in the recruitment of comfort women during World War II, a position which caused tensions particularly with South Korea. Under his premiership, relations between the two further strained in 2019 when Abe stated that any issues concerning Japan's rule of Korea was previously resolved in a 1965 treaty, and that further requests of reparations meant that South Korea had violated the treaty. Earlier that same year, Abe's government initiated a trade war with South Korea, after the country's Supreme Court stated that reparations should be made by Japanese companies who had benefited from forced labor. Abe was also considered a hard-liner with respect to Japan's military policies. In 2007, he was the initiator of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) with three other countries during his first tenure as prime minister, aimed at resisting China's rise as an economic and military superpower. He advocated reforming the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) by revising Article 9 of the pacifist Japanese constitution that outlawed the country from declaring war. He enacted military reforms in 2015 that allowed Japan to exercise collective security and JSDF deployments overseas, the passage of which was controversial and met with protests. Economically, Abe's premiership was known for his attempts to counter Japan's economic stagnation, nicknamed "Abenomics", with mixed results. Abe was also credited with reinstating the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) with the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) after the United States had withdrew.On 8 July 2022, Abe was assassinated by a former Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force sailor while delivering a campaign speech in Nara ahead of the 10 July election. The suspect purportedly targeted Abe because of the latter's ties with the Unification Church.